Effacement of Superimposition of Language

Effacement of Superimposition of Language

Translator:

accompanist accomplice acolyte actor adulterer advocate agent provocateur agnostic alchemist alien allographer amanuensis amateur ambassador amphibian anarchist anchorite ante-Christ antidote ape apostate apostle arbiter archaeologist archivist armchair explorer artificial assassin attendant au pair automaton babbler backseat driver bastard beachcomber beacon beast of burden beggar bigamist biographer bird of prey bit player black box blank check blasphemer body double body without a soul bodyguard bon a tout et propre a rien bondsman bonne a tout faire boomerang bootlegger border patrol borrower bricoleur bridge broker bungler burglar bystander camp follower cannibal cape captive captor castrator catcher celebrant chameleon changeling channeler charlatan cheater cheerleader chicken chief mourner cicerone cipher clone clue coach collaborator colonizer comitatus commonplace con artist concubine confessor confidante confidence man conjunction conjuror conqueror conscript contortionist contraband copycat costume boy counterfeiter courier coward crook crosswords crusader crutch cud-chewer custodian customs official dabbler daredevil day laborer deadline poet defaulter defector defiler delta demiurge demon deportee deputy dervish desecrator deserter desoeuvré despoliator deviant devil's advocate diamond polisher dictator dictionary dilettante disciple displaced person dividend dodger Don Juan Don Quixote donor doppelganger double agent double-crosser dowser dragoman drifter drone duelist eavesdropper eccentric echo écrirain public ecrivain emasculator embalmer embezzler embroiderer emigrant emissary enabler enchantress endangered species epigone escape artist escort evangelist manqué excluded middle exile exorcist expatriate explorer exterminator extra extremist factotum faker fakir familiar famulus fan fata morgana fellator fence ferryman fighter follower fool forger forlorn foster parent fourth dimension frame fraud freak free agent freebooter Friday frontiersman fugitive fumbler functionary fungus gambler ghost ghostwriter gigolo gleaner glossolalian go-between graffitist graft gravedigger graverobber grazer grifter guarantor guardian angel guerrilla guest gypsy hack half-breed handler handmaid hand-me-down Harlequin Headless Horseman heir help-meet hermaphrodite Hermes hermit hermit crab high high priest highway robber hijacker hired hand hit man homeopath host to parasite hostage-taker hostess hound hustler hybrid hyphen hypochondriac immigrant impair imperialist impersonator importer imposter impotent impresario infiltrator initiate inseminator instar insurgent interloper introvert intruder invader Jack-of-all-trades Janus Job joker juggler Kamikaze kidnapper kindred spirit knight errant lackey lady-in-waiting landlord latecomer leech lefty leper Leporello levitator liar liberator lieutenant lifeguard lighthouse keeper living dead loiterer loner loose canon lost lost soul lovelorn lover madman magician malingerer man man without qualities manhandler marriage counselor martyr masked bandit master master of none matchmaker mediator medium megalomaniac metempsychotic metizo metteur-en-scene middleman midwife mime mind-reader miner minor minor artist mirror misanthrope miscegenitor miscreant miser misfit missing link missionary mistress mockingbird model moderator mole money-changer mongrel monk monkey monster moonlighter moonshiner morganatic bride mortgager mortician moyenne mummifier mummy mutant mutt mythomane Narcissus nebbish necessary evil necromancer necrophage necrophiliac ne'er-do-well negotiator no land's man nobody nomad nymphomaniac obliterator occasional poet occupier odd man out oddball ombudsman onlooker opportunist oracle Orpheus other woman otobiographer outcast oxymoron paper-doll paramour paranoiac parasite pariah parodist parrena parricide parrot party crasher passe-partout passeur pasteurizer pasticciere patsy pawnbroker peer persona persona non grata perverse philanderer philanthropist picaro Pied Piper pimp pinch-hitter plagiarist poacher pointillist polymorphous porte-a-faux post-horse potsherd predator pretender prey prisoner private eye prompter propagandist Proteus proxy puppet puppeteer putterer puzzle piece quick-change artist rag-and-bone man rapist ravisher rebel angel receleur recidivist reciprocal recycler redeemer referee refugee reincarnation relayer renegade repo man rescuer retinue revivalist rhizomorphe rib robot rogue rolling stone ruminant runner-up saboteur saint Sancho Panza satellite savior scagliala scapegoat scarecrow scavenger scribe second second chance second fiddle second sight second skin second string second-rate secretary seducer seer serf servant shade shadow shaman shapechanger sharecropper shepherd short order cook shrinking violet shyster sidekick sideshow simulacrum sinecure sinner siphon sister soul skeleton key slave smelter smokescreen smuggler snoop sociopath somnambulist soul sister soul without a body soulmate sounding board sous-developpé speaker in tongues spectator spendthrift sponsor spook spouse spy squire stalker stand-in static stencil stenographer stepchild stereoscope steward stiltwalker stowaway straw (wo)man stunt double stutterer submissive subsidiary substitute suicide supernumerary surrogate mother swashbuckler swindler sycophant symbolon tabula rasa tagalong tailor taxidermist tenant theoros thief threshold tiers exclu tightrope walker time machine tinker tour guide tourist tracer trafficker trait(re)-d'union traitor tramp transcriber transgressor transplant transsexual transvestite traumaturge trendsetter trespasser triangulator trill tueur a gages turncoat tutelary spirit twin two-timer umpire undercover operator underdog understudy undertaker underwriter unknown soldier upstager usurer usurper vagabond vagrant vampire vandal vassal vehicle ventriloquist vessel vicar victim voyeur vulture waffler waif wall-flower Wandering Jew war machine warden weed werewolf white page wife wild card will o' the wisp window wind-up doll witness wolf in sheep's clothing worker bee yo-yo zigzag zombie

This tendency relates to the erosion of the relation between dialect and common language, between vernacular and literary language. The co-existence of these elements within the original, creating a sort of tension in the text, happens to be lost in the target language. The preservation of the relation is a vital problem in the translation of novels - none of those elements should be dropped out throughout the process.

Example

Co ty mnie uczyniła, ne znaju, ale to znaju, że jeśli ja tobie nieszczęście, to i ty mnie nieszczęście. Żeby ja ciebie nie pokochał, byłby ja wolny jak wiatr w polu i na sercu swobodny, i na duszy swobodny, a sławny jak sam Konasewicz Sahajdaczny. Twoje to liczko mnie nieszczęście, twoje to oczy mnie nieszczęście; ni mnie wola miła, ni sława kozacza! Co mnie były krasawice, póki ty z dziecka na pannę nie wyrosła! Raz ja wziął galerę z najkraśniejszymi mołodyciami, bo je sułtanowi wieźli -- i żadna serca nie zabrała. Poigrały Kozaki-braty, a potem ja każdej kamień kazał do szyi i w wodę. Nie bał ja się nikogo, nie dbał o nic -- wojną na pogan chodził, łup brał -- i jak kniaź w zamku, tak ja był na stepie.

What have you done to me? I know not; but this I do know, that if I am misfortune to you, you too are misfortune to me. If I had not loved you, I should have been free as the wind in the field, free in heart and in soul, and full of glory as was Konashevich Sahaidachni himself. Your face is my misfortune, your eyes are my misfortune; neither freedom is dear to me, nor Cossack glory! What were beauties to me, till from being a child you had grown to be a woman? Once I captured a galley with maidens the most beautiful, for they were on the way to the Sultan; and no one of them touched my heart. The Cossack brothers played with them; then I ordered a stone to the neck of each, and into the water they went. I feared no man, I minded nothing. I went with war against the Pagan. I took booty, and like a prince in his castle was I in the steppe.